The direction from submarine force leadership past and present is clear: “Prepare for battle.”1 Part of those preparations is determining how U.S. submarines should engage Chinese and Russian submarines when called upon, Commander Jeff Vandenengel, U.S. Navy, writes for the US Naval Institute. Naval history must guide that effort, but there is little recent submarine combat to learn from, and the lessons from the world wars are limited because of the fundamental changes introduced by nuclear power.
